全球首創!中大團隊發現月球引發地球「電離層潮汐」2023/01/07 15:32
 中央大學太空科學團隊發現月球造成全球電離層巨大起伏。團隊成員包括教授張起維(左起)、教授劉正彥、吳宗祐博士、林其彥博士。(中央大學提供) 〔記者林曉雲/台北報導〕月球引力引發海水潮汐,中央大學太空科學與科技研究中心教授劉正彥、吳宗祐博士、林其彥博士及教授張起維,充份應用福爾摩沙衛星三號和七號15年來570多萬掩星觀測資料,發現月球引力可以引起「全球電離層」3到5公里潮汐高度變化,幅度千倍於海水的漲退潮,發表「從太空看月潮引力引發高層大氣中之三維電漿結構和電漿環流變化」論文,首次解析全球電離層三維結構之月潮引力效應,為全球首創,近日成功刊登於頂尖期刊「科學報導(Scientific Reports)」。 劉正彥說明,數千年人們發現海水面會漲潮與退潮「潮汐」,係由月球引力造成,團隊進一步發現,地球上的電離層高度也會漲潮與退潮,他們利用福衛三號與七號掩星觀測資料,剖析電離層立體結構,發現月球引力可以在全球電離層引起3到5公里的高度變化,且電離層潮汐的幅度甚至千倍於海水的漲退潮,不同於海水受限於海陸分佈,導致各地漲退潮的特徵有異,電離層高度觀測到的潮汐,較符合原始理論,更接近於純粹的月球引力效應。 a(a)}function sa(a,b){a&128&&ma(b)};function ta(a){const b=a.l+a.i;return a.h||(a.h=a.m[b]={})}function F(a,b,c){ha(a);return ua(a,b,c)}function ua(a,b,c){a.o&&(a.o=void 0);if(b>=a.l)return ta(a)[b]=c,a;a.m[b+a.i]=c;(c=a.h)&&b in c&&delete c[b];return a};var G=class{constructor(a,b){var c=void 0;null==c&&(c=na);na=void 0;var d=this.constructor.h||0,f=0h||(h=ta(this)),(d=h[g])?va(d,a):h[g]=E)}}toJSON(){const a=this.m;return D?a:qa(a, ra,sa)}};function va(a,b){if(Array.isArray(a)){var c=A(a),d=1;!b||c&2||(d|=16);(c&d)!==d&&B(a,c|d)}}G.prototype.B=ea;G.prototype.toString=function(){return this.m.toString()};function wa(a,b){return oa(b)};var H=class{constructor(a,b=!1){this.key=a;this.defaultValue=b;this.valueType="boolean"}};var xa=new H("100000"),ya=new H("45368259"),za=new H("45357156",!0),Aa=new H("45350890");var I=(a,b)=>"&adurl="==a.substring(a.length-7)?a.substring(0,a.length-7)+b+"&adurl=":a+b;let K=p.dicnf||{};function L(a,b,c){a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener(b,c,!1)}function M(a,b,c){a.removeEventListener&&a.removeEventListener(b,c,!1)};var Ba=RegExp("^(? 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