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標題: [轉貼] 坦尚尼亞前總統姆卡巴Benjamin Mkapa命盤 [打印本頁]
作者: 馬龍    時間: 2020-7-24 16:00     標題: 坦尚尼亞前總統姆卡巴Benjamin Mkapa命盤

坦尚尼亞前總統姆卡巴過世 享壽81歲

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東非國家坦尚尼亞總統馬古富利（John Magufuli）發表聲明說，前總統姆卡巴（Benjamin Mkapa）24日凌晨過世。

路透社報導，姆卡巴是坦尚尼亞第3位總統，於1995年到2005年任職，執政與卸任後曾數度率領區域和平調解行動。

馬古富利說，姆卡巴是在三蘭港（Dar es Salaam）的醫院接受治療時過世，但沒有提供更多細節。

他宣布舉國哀悼7天，各地將降半旗致哀。

https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%89%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%8E%E4%B8%96-%E4%BA%AB%E5%A3%BD81%E6%AD%B2-012049801.html

作者: 馬龍    時間: 2020-7-24 16:01

班傑明·姆卡帕[編輯]

維基百科，自由的百科全書
跳至導覽跳至搜尋
班傑明·姆卡帕

班傑明·威廉·姆卡帕（斯瓦希里語：Benjamin William Mkapa，1938年11月12日－）坦尚尼亞外交家、政治家。

姆卡帕畢業於烏干達東非大學麥克勒里學院，1962年後回國在政府部門工作。1966年後長期擔任各種報紙的編輯部主任和主編工作。1974年，姆卡帕被任命為朱利葉斯·尼雷爾的新聞秘書。1976年出任坦尚尼亞通訊社社長。

1977年7月，姆卡帕被任命為坦尚尼亞外交部長，1980年改任新聞和文化部長。1982年到1984年間，先後出使加拿大和美國，其後再次擔任外交部長。1994年底任科技和高等教育部長。

1995年底，姆卡帕當選坦尚尼亞總統，次年6月當選坦尚尼亞革命黨主席。2000年連任總統。2005年底卸任後，姆卡帕目前擔任南方中心董事會主席一職。

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95


作者: 馬龍    時間: 2020-7-24 16:02

Benjamin Mkapa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Benjamin William Mkapa
Benjamin Mkapa 2010-05-07.jpg
Mkapa in 2010
3rd President of Tanzania
In office
23 November 1995 – 21 December 2005
Vice PresidentOmar Ali Juma (1995–2001)
Ali Mohamed Shein (2001–05)
Prime MinisterFrederick Sumaye
Preceded byAli Hassan Mwinyi
Succeeded byJakaya Kikwete
Minister for Science, Technology and Higher Education
In office
1992–1995
PresidentAli Hassan Mwinyi
Minister for Information and Broadcasting
In office
1990–1992
PresidentAli Hassan Mwinyi
Personal details
Born12 November 1938
Ndanda, Masasi, Tanganyika
Died24 July 2020 (aged 81)
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
NationalityTanzanian
Political partyCCM
Other political
affiliations		TANU
Spouse(s)Anna Mkapa
Children3
ResidenceSea View, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Alma materMakerere University (B.A.)
Columbia University (M.A.) Open University of Tanzania
ProfessionJournalist, diplomat

Benjamin William Mkapa (12 November 1938[1] – 24 July 2020)[2] was a Tanzanian politician who served as the third President of Tanzania. He was in office for one decade from 1995 to 2005. He was also Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM).[3] He died at Muhimbili National Hospital on 24 July 2020.

Early life[edit]

Mkapa was born in Ndanda, near Masasi in southern Tanganyika, on 12 November 1938.[1][4] He graduated from Makerere University in Uganda in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts in English.[1] He went on to study at Columbia University the following year, and earned a master's degree in international affairs.[5] revious posts include being an administrative officer in Dodoma and the Minister for Science, Technology and Higher Education. He also had the chance to lead the Tanzanian mission to Canada in the year 1982 and to the United States Of America from 1983 to 1984.[6] He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1977 to 1980 and again from 1984 to 1990.[7]

Presidency[edit]

In 1995, Mkapa was elected as President based on a popular anti-corruption campaign and the strong support of former president Julius Nyerere.[8] Mkapa's anti-corruption efforts included creation of an open forum called the Presidential Commission on Corruption (Warioba Commission) and increased support for the Prevention of Corruption Bureau.[8]

Mkapa's second five-year term of office as President ended in December 2005. During this term in office, Mkapa privatized state-owned corporations and instituted free market policies.[9] His supporters argued that attracting foreign investment would promote economic growth. His policies won the support of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund and resulted in the cancellation of some of Tanzania's foreign debts.[8]

He was criticized for some ineffectiveness of his anti-corruption efforts[8] as well as for his lavish spending. He spent £15 million on a private presidential jet, as well as almost £30 million on military aviation equipment which experts deemed beyond the limited needs of the country's armed forces.[10] It was over the latter purchase that British International Development Secretary Clare Short expressed public outrage, resulting in her becoming known as 'Mama Radar' in the Tanzanian press.[11]

Post-presidency[edit]

Having left office due to a two-term limit, Mkapa was dogged by many accusations of corruption, among them improperly appropriating to himself and his former finance Minister Daniel Yona the lucrative "Kiwira Coal Mine" in the southern highlands of Tanzania without following lawful procedures. By privatizing the Kiwira Coal Mine to himself, he was accused of a breach of the Tanzanian constitution, which does not allow a president to do business at the state house.[12]

Mkapa served as a Trustee of the Aga Khan University from November 2007 until 2012.[9]

Mkapa died on 24 July 2020 at a hospital in Dar es Salaam where he was receiving treatment. He was 81 years old.[13][14]

Honours and awards[edit]

Honours[edit]

OrderCountryYearRef
Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya.svgOrder of the Golden Heart of Kenya (Chief) Kenya2005[15]
Order of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Tanzania) - ribbon bar.pngOrder of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere Tanzania2011[16]

Awards[edit]

Honorary degrees[edit]

UniversityCountryDegreeYear
Sōka University JapanHonoris Causa1998[18]
Morehouse College United StatesHonoris Causa1999[18]
The Open University of Tanzania TanzaniaHonoris Causa2003[18]
National University of Lesotho LesothoDoctor of Law2005[19]
Kenyatta University KenyaDoctor of Education2005[20]
University of Dar es Salaam TanzaniaHonoris Causa2006[18]
Newcastle University United KingdomDoctor of Civil Law2007[21]
University of Cape Coast GhanaDoctor of Letters2008[22]
Makerere University UgandaDoctor of Law2009[23]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mkapa





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