李春才
Lee Choon-jae | |
|---|---|
이춘재 | |
| Born | January 1963 (age 57)[1] |
| Other names | Korean Zodiac Killer |
| Criminal status | Incarcerated |
| Criminal penalty | Life sentence for rape and murder (eligible for parole after 20 years) |
| Details | |
| Victims | >46 (1 convicted murder, 15 confessed murders, and more than 30 confessed rapes and attempted rapes) |
Span of crimes | January 1986–January 13, 1994 |
| Country | South Korea |
| Killed | 16 (1 convicted, 15 confessed) |
Date apprehended | January 18, 1994 |
| Imprisoned at | The Busan Prison |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Lee Chun-jae |
| McCune–Reischauer | Lee Ch’un-chae |
Lee Choon-jae (Korean: 이춘재; Hanja: 李春在, alternative spelling: Lee Chun-jae; born January 1963) is a South Korean serial killer who was convicted of killing his sister-in-law in 1994 and later confessed to killing 15 other people, including 10 people in the Hwaseong serial murders between 1986 and 1991.
The serial murders are considered to be the most infamous in South Korea's modern history. They are often compared to those committed by the Zodiac Killer in the United States, and served as the inspiration for the 2003 film Memories of Murder.[2] Lee was sentenced to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 20 years in the killing of his sister-in-law, but despite DNA evidence and his confession in 2019, he could not be prosecuted for the other murders because the statute of limitations had expired.
The Hwaseong serial murders (Korean: 화성 연쇄 살인 사건; Hanja: 華城連鎖殺人事件; RR: hwaseong yeonswae sarin sageon) were a series of rapes and murders that occurred in the city of Hwaseong between September 15, 1986 and April 3, 1991.[3] In each case, a woman was found bound, gagged, raped and in most cases strangled to death with their own clothes. It sparked the largest criminal case in South Korea with over 2 million man-days[4] spent on investigation and over 21,000 suspects investigated.[3]
A suspect sketch was drawn based on the memory of the bus driver, Kang, and bus conductor, Uhm, who saw a man get on the bus shortly after the seventh murder on September 7, 1988.[5] The characteristics of the suspect, which were described by the bus driver, were similar to the descriptions given by survivors who were sexually assaulted.[5] According to the victims, the culprit at the time of the incident was a thin-framed man in his mid-20s, with a height of 165 to 170 centimeters, a short cut sporty-type hair, no double eyelids, and a sharp nose.[6] In addition, he was described as having soft hands.[5] 
olice also stated that the suspect had a "B" blood type,[7] but in 2019, police acknowledged that this was likely inaccurate, because Lee has blood type "O".[8]
On July 27, 1989, Yoon Sang-Yeo, a 22-year-old man, was arrested for the murder of the eighth victim, 14-year-old Park Sang-hee.[9] Yoon admitted guilt during questioning and forensic tests of pubic hair samples found at the scene suggested similarities with his.[10] This case was determined to be a copycat crime,[11] and Yoon was sentenced to life in prison, but appealed the ruling at the time, alleging that police coerced him into giving false confessions through torture.[10] His appeal was denied and he served 19.5 years in jail before being released on parole in 2009.[10] In 2019, Lee Choon-jae confessed to the murder and Yoon filed for a re-trial to prove his innocence.[12]
The release of the film Memories of Murder in 2003, which was partially inspired by the serial murders, sparked renewed interest in the case.[13] The murder of a female college student in Hwaseong in 2004 also sparked renewed interest and fears that a serial killer had returned.[14] The serial murders made headlines again as the statute of limitations for the most recent victims was due to expire on April 2, 2006.[15] At the time of the killings, there was a 15-year statute of limitations for first-degree murder. This was increased to 25 years in 2007, and finally lifted in 2015, but it was not retroactive.[16] However, evidence and police records were kept due to the significance of the case.[17][18]
On September 26, 1989, around 0:55 am, Lee broke into a house in Gwangju, Suwon, Gyeonggi Province with weapons and gloves and was discovered by the landlord.[19] He was sentenced by the Suwon District Court to one year and six months in prison in the first trial in February 1990 for the charges of robbery and violence.[19] After the first trial, Lee filed an appeal, claiming that he was beaten by an unknown young man and entered the victim's house while being chased.[19] In the second trial following Lee's appeal, the court suspended his sentence to two years of probation, where he was released in mid-April, 1990.[20]
After Lee's wife left him in December 1993, he invited over his 18-year-old sister-in-law, then proceeded to drug, rape and kill her on January 13, 1994.[21] According to the detective who investigated him, Lee went to his father-in-law offering help in the search for his missing sister-in-law, where they both reported that she might have been abducted.[19] Lee was arrested a few days later, on January 18,[22] after repeated questioning where he later asked, " How many years do you serve in prison for rape and murder?"[19] Lee denied any responsibility and the court overturned his confession, stating that he made a false statement because of police coercion.[19] However, Lee was convicted and sentenced to death in May 1994, and his conviction was upheld in September of the same year. The Supreme Court of South Korea reviewed the case in 1995 and Lee's sentence was reduced to a life sentence,[23] with the possibility of parole after 20 years.[24]
On September 18, 2019, police announced that Lee had been identified as a suspect in the serial murders.[25][26][16] He was identified after DNA from the underwear of one of the victims was matched with his, and subsequent DNA testing linked him to four of the other unsolved serial murders.[24] At the time, he was identified he was already serving a life sentence at a prison in Busan for the rape and murder of his sister-in-law.[27] Lee initially denied any involvement in the serial murders,[28][29] but on 2 October 2019, police announced that Lee had confessed to killing 15 people, including all 10 victims in the serial murders, which includes a case previously considered to be a copycat crime, and 5 others. Three of those other murders happened in Hwaseong but had not previously been attributed to the serial killer, and the other two happened in Cheongju. As of October 2019, details about those 5 victims have not been released because the investigation is ongoing.[30] In addition to the murders, he also confessed to more than 30 rapes and attempted rapes.[31][32][33][34][35]
On 15 November 2019, police announced that they had reached a provisional conclusion that Lee was responsible for all 10 serial murders.[12]
Yoon Sang-Yeo, who was convicted of killing the eighth victim and spent 20 years in prison until he was released on parole in 2009, filed for a re-trial of his case on 13 November 2019 following news reports that Lee had confessed to all 10 serial murders. Two days later, police announced that they had reached a provisional conclusion that Lee was responsible for the murder for which Yoon was convicted. Police said Lee's confession in the eighth murder 'elaborately and coherently' described both the scene and the victim. This raised concerns that police had charged an innocent man.[12]
| 華城連環殺人案 | |
|---|---|
| 位置 |  韓國京畿道華城郡附近村莊 |
| 日期 | 1986年9月15日- 1991年4月3日 晚上6:30-11:00 |
| 目標 | 夜歸女子 |
| 類型 | 先綁架，後強姦，最後再勒斃 |
| 武器 | 被害人身上的衣物 |
| 死亡 | 10 |
| 疑犯 | 李春在[1]（이춘재）（全部案件已經證實全由李春在所犯） |
| 李春在[1] | |
|---|---|
| 原文名 | 이춘재 |
| 出生 | 1963年1月（57歲）[2] 韓國京畿道華城郡 |
| 刑事處罰 | 因一起強姦及謀殺而被判終身監禁（監禁20年可假釋） |
| 刑事狀況 | 被監禁 |
| 謀殺 | |
| 受害者數量 | 45（1起被判有罪的強姦及謀殺、14起供認但逾時效無法起訴的強姦及謀殺、約30起供認但逾時效無法起訴的強姦或強姦未遂） |
謀殺時間段 | 1986年－1994年1月13日 |
| 國家 | 韓國 |
| 死者數量 | 15（1起被判有罪、14起供認但逾時效無法起訴） |
被捕日期 | 1994年 |
| 收監於 | 釜山監獄 |
華城連環殺人案（韓語：화성연쇄살인사건／華城連鎖殺人事件 Hwaseong yeonswae sal in sa geon）指的是1986年9月15日-1991年4月3日，發生在韓國京畿道華城郡（現華城市）附近村莊的的10起姦殺案。被廣泛報導的總共有10名女子受害，1人倖存。後續有被調查出除了原本認知的10起殺人案外，李春在亦和其他數起發生在華城和清州的殺人案有關。行兇過程幾乎都是先綁架，再強姦，最後勒斃。最後一起案件在2006年4月3日超過15年的法律追訴期。2019年9月份，警方透過DNA對比發現疑犯並重啟調查，疑犯李春在[1]；韓語：이춘재）因姦殺自己妻妹的案件自1994年以來一直在服刑，他隨後承認犯下「華城連環殺人案」10起，外加其他5起姦殺、30起強姦或強姦未遂案件。
9月15日，71歲從事農業的老婦李完任在9月14日從女兒家投宿完後，在回家途中遇害。隔天被發現陳屍於田地，下半身赤裸。手腳以X字綑綁，趴在田地上，死因是勒死。[3]
10月20日，25歲女子朴賢淑在晚上8:00相親完後，在前往巴士站的途中遇害。手法同上。雖然胸口有4處類似螺絲起子造成的傷口，但死因是勒死。[3]
12月12日，24歲主婦權正紛與丈夫聚餐完後，於晚上11:00搭巴士的回家途中失蹤（丈夫聚餐後返回了公司），131天後遺體在距離自家只有50公尺的稻田田埂被發現。不過遺體已經腐爛，死者的臉上被蓋上內褲，死因是勒死。是華城連續殺人案事件中最久被發現的受害者。[3]
12月14日，23歲公司女職員李桂淑在水原市的咖啡店相親完後，於晚上11:00搭乘巴士的回家途中失蹤。7日後，被發現了遺體在稻田的田埂，現場堆積了許多芝麻，雙手被胸罩反綁，頭被蓋上緊身短褲，死因是勒死。[3]
1月10日，18歲女學生洪真英於晚上8:50分放學與朋友分開後獨自乘坐巴士，之後為行蹤不明，隔日在田地中發現遺體。雙手反綁，嘴巴被襪子塞住，死因是被圍巾勒死，衣服被脫掉後再蓋到身體上。[3]
5月2日，30歲主婦朴恩珠於晚上11:00從家中拿了2把雨傘準備接送丈夫的途中遇害。上半身赤裸，死因是被胸罩勒死，丈夫家中被強制搜索。[3]
9月7日，52歲主婦安基順在幫助完長子經營的食堂之後，於晚上9:30在歸途途中遇害。被發現遺體在農水路小河附近的草叢，陰道被放入桃子的碎片，雙手被胸罩反綁，嘴巴被襪子和手帕塞住，死因是勒死。犯罪現場是從水原市相隔了29公里的地方，巴士司機稱有目擊到嫌犯。[3]
9月16日，13歲少女朴相熙早上6:50被母親發現死在自己的房間裡，後透過現場遺留的陰毛證實犯罪嫌疑人為時年22歲的尹城汝[4][5]（韓語：윤성여[5]）。尹城汝因單戀就讀高中的被害人的姊姊，認為被害人的姊姊晚上會睡在該房間，遂於晚上透過破壞窗戶紙侵入房間，對被害人施暴後用手勒死。警察認為該案與其他華城連環殺人案無關，屬於一起模仿案件。[6][7]尹城汝後被起訴[8]，入獄服刑至2010年出獄。[9]媒體對於此案有其他說法：韓聯社報導該案嫌犯時至2019年依然在逃[10]；有媒體報導說，這一案件李春才也稱是自己犯下的。[9]
此後華城連環殺人案嫌犯兩年未犯案。
11月15日，13歲女學生金美淨回家在地下道與朋友分開後獨自回家，於晚上6:30在途中石料店背面的山野遭強姦殺害。隔日發現遺體在同一個地點，屍體是由父母與警察的陪同下發現的，被發現的時候遺體被松樹樹枝掩蓋，雙手雙腳被反綁，嘴巴被胸罩塞住，胸口有兩道刀傷。陰道被插入圓珠筆、叉子、湯匙。[3]經法醫解剖後發現胃裡有未消化食物，通常這種狀況是兩個小時之內進食才有，死者母親證實當天早上有為她準備便當，研判死者在遇害前遭兇手脅迫吃完裡面剩菜[11][12]。
4月3日，69歲無業老婦權順相於晚上9:00在回家途中遇害，陳屍在距離自家150公尺以外的松林。下半身只剩內褲。陰道被塞入襪子，死因是被長筒襪勒斃，此為被稱為「華城連環殺人案」已曝光被害者的最後一宗案件。[3]（據李春才說法，實際上此案件後數年裡還犯下了其他5起案件，但被害者還未被曝光。）
此案件在當時的韓國引起了轟動，雖然動員了205萬人次的警察和軍人，調查了21280個嫌犯，鑑定570組的DNA、180根毛髮、40116枚指紋，但還是一無所獲。[13]被調查的嫌疑犯之中包含了現今確認的兇手李春在，但是因為血型和當時證據不符合（後續推測可能血液樣本有交互污染），加上李當時沒有任何不良背景因此錯放。
2001年4月3日，10起連環殺人案中的最後一起的10年民事追訴期結束，受害人家屬失去對兇手提出民事訴訟的權利。[14]
2003年由奉俊昊執導、講述華城連環殺人案的電影《殺人回憶》獲得了國內和國際的關注，重啟大眾對該案件的興趣。
2006年4月3日，10起案件中最後一起的15年刑事追訴期正式結束，意味著今後就算找到兇手，也不能在法律上對之進行任何起訴。
2019年9月，韓國警方宣布案情重大突破。
2019年9月19日，警方召開記者會，宣布案情有重大突破。南韓國家科學搜查研究院一個月前從犯罪資料庫中，比對出了一名56歲的男子，證實其與當年連環殺人案當中第五、七和九宗案件兇手的DNA一致。嫌犯因其他案件正在獄中服刑。雖然法律追訴期已過，無法起訴嫌犯，但警方依然組織57人獨立調查組重新啟動調查。[15]警方於數日後公布了嫌犯李春在的名字和照片。
10月1日，警方召開記者會宣布李春才已經承認犯下「華城連環殺人案」10起殺人案中的9起，外加其他案件[16][17][18]。
李春在[1]；韓語：이춘재 Lee Choon-jae；1963年1月－[2]）出生於華城郡。他於1994年1月13日強姦並殺害了自己的小姨子（妻妹），隨後被逮捕，於次年被判終身監禁，在獄中服刑至今。
1993年12月，李春在的妻子離家出走。李春在於1994年1月13日邀請19歲的妻妹前來，然後對其下藥、強姦和謀殺。[19]1月18日，李春在被捕，但拒絕承認罪行。[20]當年5月，李春在被判處死刑。9月，法院維持原判。但大韓民國大法院1995年重審案件，改判終身監禁，[21]監禁20年可假釋。[22]
在10起被稱為「華城連環殺人案」的強姦殺人案之中，李春在於2019年10月1日承認犯下了9起案件，並在4日脫口承認第8起朴相熙事件也為自己所犯下的，此外，他還承認犯下了其他5起現暫未公開的強姦殺人案，以及約30起性犯罪或犯罪未遂案件。[14]
| 華城連環殺人案序號 | 李春在涉嫌犯案序號 | 日期[3] | 地點[3] | 遇害者漢字姓名[3] | 遇害者韓文姓名[3] | 遇害者年齡[3] | 說明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1986年9月15日 | 華城郡安寧里（今 花山洞）田地 | 李完任 | 이완임 | 71 | |
| 2 | 2 | 1986年10月20日 | 華城郡陳雁里（今 陳雁洞）水溝 | 朴賢淑 | 박현숙 | 25 | |
| 3 | 3 | 1986年12月12日 | 華城郡安寧里（今 花山洞）田堤 | 權正紛 | 권정분 | 24 | |
| 4 | 4 | 1986年12月14日 | 正南面官項里 水溝 | 李桂淑 | 이계숙 | 23 | |
| 5 | 5 | 1987年1月10日 | 華城郡黃雞里（今 花山洞）稻田 | 洪真英 | 홍진영 | 18 | |
| 6 | 6 | 1987年5月2日 | 華城郡陳雁里（今 陳雁洞）山野 | 朴恩珠 | 박은주 | 30 | |
| 7 | 7 | 1988年9月7日 | 八灘面佳才里 水溝 | 安基順 | 안기순 | 54 | |
| 8 | 8 | 1988年9月16日 | 華城郡陳雁里（今 陳雁洞） | 朴相熙 | 박상희 | 13 | |
| 9 | 9 | 1990年11月15日 | 華城郡餅店洞（今 餅店1洞）山野 | 金美淨 | 김미정 | 13 | |
| 10 | 10 | 1991年4月3日 | 東灘面盤松里（今 東灘1洞）山野 | 權順相 | 권순상 | 69 | |
| 11 | 未公開 | 華城郡 | 未公開 | 未公開 | 未公開 | ||
| 12 | 未公開 | 華城郡 | 未公開 | 未公開 | 未公開 | ||
| 13 | 未公開 | 華城郡 | 未公開 | 未公開 | 未公開 | ||
| 14 | 未公開 | 清州市 | 未公開 | 未公開 | 未公開 | ||
| 15 | 未公開 | 清州市 | 未公開 | 未公開 | 未公開 | ||
| 16 | 1994年1月13日 | 清州市 | 李春才的妻妹 | 未公開 | 19 | 李春才因此案被抓捕並判處終身監禁 |
註：
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