| Alan Rickman |
Rickman in November 2011 |
| Born |
Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman
21 February 1946
Acton, London, England, UK |
| Died |
14 January 2016 (aged 69)
London, England, UK |
| Cause of death |
Pancreatic cancer |
| Occupation |
Actor, director |
| Years active |
1978–2016 |
| Spouse(s) |
Rima Horton (m. 2012; his death 2016) |
Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 – 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director, known for playing a variety of roles on stage and screen, often as a complex antagonist. Rickman trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, performing in modern and classical theatre productions. His first big television part came in 1982, but his big break was as the Vicomte de Valmont in the stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in 1985, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. Rickman gained wider notice for his film performances as Hans Gruber in Die Hard and Severus Snape in the Harry Potter film series.
Rickman's other film roles included the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, for which he received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply, Colonel Brandon in Ang Lee's Sense and Sensibility, the title character in Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny, which won him a Golden Globe, an Emmy and a Screen Actors Guild Award, Harry in Love Actually, P. L. O'Hara in An Awfully Big Adventure, Alexander Dane in Galaxy Quest, and Judge Turpin in the film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's musical of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.
Rickman died of pancreatic cancer on 14 January 2016 at the age of 69. His final film part, as the voice of Absolem in Alice Through the Looking Glass, will be released in May 2016.
Early life[edit]
Rickman was born in Acton, London,[1][2] to a working-class family, the son of Margaret Doreen Rose (Bartlett), a housewife, and Bernard Rickman, a factory worker.[3] His ancestry was English, Irish and Welsh;[4] his father was Catholic and his mother aMethodist.[5][6] His family included an older brother, David (b. 1944), a graphic designer; a younger brother, Michael (b. 1947), a tennis coach; and a younger sister, Sheila (b. 1950).[5][7] Rickman attended Derwentwater Primary School in Acton, a school that followed the Montessori method of education.[8]
When he was eight years old, Rickman's father died, leaving his mother to raise him and his three siblings mostly alone. She married again, but divorced his stepfather after three years. "There was one love in her life", Rickman later said of her.[5] He excelled atcalligraphy and watercolour painting. From Derwentwater Junior School he won a scholarship to Latymer Upper School in London, where he became involved in drama. After leaving Latymer, he attended Chelsea College of Art and Design and then the Royal College of Art. This education allowed him to work as a graphic designer for the Notting Hill Herald, which Rickman considered a more stable occupation than acting. "Drama school wasn't considered the sensible thing to do at 18".[9]
After graduation, Rickman and several friends opened a graphic design studio called Graphiti, but after three years of successful business, he decided that if he was going to pursue acting professionally, it was now or never. He wrote to request an audition with theRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA),[10] which he attended from 1972–74. While there, he studied Shakespeare and supported himself by working as a dresser for Sir Nigel Hawthorne and Sir Ralph Richardson.[11]
After graduating from RADA, Rickman worked extensively with British repertory and experimental theatre groups in productions including Chekhov's The Seagull and Snoo Wilson's The Grass Widow at the Royal Court Theatre, and appeared three times at the Edinburgh International Festival. In 1978, he performed with the Court Drama Group, gaining parts in Romeo and Juliet and A View from the Bridge, among other plays. While working with theRoyal Shakespeare Company (RSC) he was cast in As You Like It. He appeared in the BBC's adaptation ofTrollope's first two Barchester novels known as The Barchester Chronicles (1982), as the Reverend Obadiah Slope.[12][13]
He was given the male lead, the Vicomte de Valmont, in the 1985 Royal Shakespeare Company production of Christopher Hampton's adaptation of Les Liaisons Dangereuses, directed by Howard Davies.[14] After the RSC production transferred to Broadway in 1987, Rickman received both a Tony Award nomination and a Drama Desk Award nomination for his performance.[15]
Rickman's career was filled with a wide variety of roles. He played romantic leads like Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply(1991); numerous villains in Hollywood big-budget films, like German terrorist Hans Gruber in Die Hard (1988) and the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991); and the occasional television role such as the "mad monk" Rasputin in the HBO biopicRasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996), for which he won a Golden Globe and anEmmy.[16]
His role as Hans Gruber in Die Hard earned him a spot on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains list as the 46th best villain in film history, though he revealed he almost did not take the role as he did not think Die Hard was the kind of film he wanted to make.[17] His performance as the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thievesalso earned him praise as one of the best actors to portray a villain in films.[18][19]
Rickman took issue with being typecast as a villain, even though he was known for playing "unsympathetic characters".[20] His portrayal of Severus Snape, the potions master in theHarry Potter series (2001–11), was dark, but the character's motivations were not clear early on.[21] During his career Rickman played comedic roles, including as Sir Alexander Dane/Dr. Lazarus in the science fiction parody Galaxy Quest (1999), portraying the angel Metatron, the voice of God, in Dogma (also 1999), appearing as Emma Thompson's foolish husband Harry in the British Christmas-themed romantic comedy Love Actually (2003), providing the voice of Marvin the Paranoid Android in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy(2005), and the egotistical, Nobel Prize-winning father in Nobel Son (2007).[22]
Rickman was nominated for an Emmy for his work as Dr.Alfred Blalock in HBO's Something the Lord Made (2004). He also starred in the independent film Snow Cake (2006) with Sigourney Weaver and Carrie-Anne Moss, which had its debut at the Berlin International Film Festival, andPerfume: The Story of a Murderer (also 2006), directed byTom Tykwer. Rickman appeared as the evil Judge Turpin in the critically acclaimed Tim Burton film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) alongside Harry Potter co-stars Helena Bonham Carter and Timothy Spall. Rickman provided the voice of Absolem the Caterpillar in Burton's film Alice in Wonderland (2010).[22][23]
He performed onstage in Noël Coward's romantic comedyPrivate Lives, which transferred to Broadway after its successful run in London at the Albery Theatre and ended in September 2002; he reunited with his Les Liaisons Dangereuses co-star Lindsay Duncan and director Howard Davies in the Tony Award-winning production. His previous stage performance was in Antony and Cleopatra in 1998 as Mark Antony with Helen Mirrenas Cleopatra, in the Royal National Theatre's production at the Olivier Theatre in London, which ran from 20 October to 3 December 1998. Rickman appeared in Victoria Wood with All The Trimmings (2000), a Christmas special with Victoria Wood, playing an aged colonel in the battle of Waterloo who is forced to break off his engagement to Honeysuckle Weeks' character.[22]
Rickman also directed The Winter Guest at London's Almeida Theatre in 1995 and the film version of the same play, released in 1997, starring Emma Thompson and her real-life mother Phyllida Law.[24] With Katharine Viner he compiled the play My Name Is Rachel Corrie, and directed the premiere production at the Royal Court Theatre, which opened in April 2005. He won the Theatre Goers' Choice Awards for Best Director. Rickman befriended the Corrie family and earned their trust, and the show was warmly received in London in 2005. But the next year, its original New York production was "postponed" over the possibility of boycotts and protests from those who saw it as "anti-Israeli agit-prop". Rickman denounced "censorship born out of fear". Tony Kushner, Harold Pinter andVanessa Redgrave, among others, criticised the decision to indefinitely delay the show. The one-woman play was put on later that year at another theatre to mixed reviews, and has since been staged at venues around the world.[25]
In 2009, Rickman was awarded the James Joyce Award by University College Dublin'sLiterary and Historical Society.[12] In October and November 2010, Rickman starred in the eponymous role in Henrik Ibsen's John Gabriel Borkman at the Abbey Theatre, Dublinalongside Lindsay Duncan and Fiona Shaw.[26] The Irish Independent called Rickman's performance breathtaking.[27]
Rickman again appeared as Severus Snape in the final instalment in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Throughout the series, his portrayal of Snape garnered widespread critical acclaim.[28] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times said Rickman "as always, makes the most lasting impression,"[29] while Peter Travers of Rolling Stonemagazine called Rickman "sublime at giving us a glimpse at last into the secret nurturing heart that ... Snape masks with a sneer."[30]
Media coverage characterised Rickman's performance as worthy of nomination for anAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actor.[31] His first award nominations for his role as Snape came at the 2011 Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards, 2011 Saturn Awards,2011 Scream Awards and 2011 St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards in the Best Supporting Actor category.[32]
On 21 November 2011, Rickman opened in Seminar, a new play by Theresa Rebeck, at the John Golden Theatre on Broadway.[33] Rickman, who left the production on 1 April, won the Broadway.com Audience Choice Award for Favorite Actor in a Play[34] and was nominated for a Drama League Award.[35]
Rickman starred with Colin Firth and Cameron Diaz in Gambit (2012) by Michael Hoffman, a remake of the 1966 film.[36] In 2013, he played Hilly Kristal, the founder of the East Village punk-rock club CBGB, in the CBGB film with Rupert Grint.[37]
In the media[edit]
Rickman was chosen by Empire as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (No. 34) in 1995 and ranked No. 59 inEmpire's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list in October 1997. In 2009 and 2010 Rickman ranked once again as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars by Empire, both times placing No. 8 out of the 50 actors chosen. Rickman was elected to the Council of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1993; he was subsequently RADA's Vice-Chairman and a member of its Artistic Advisory and Training committees and Development Board.[38]
He was voted No. 19 in Empire magazine's Greatest Living Movie Stars over the age of 50 and was twice nominated for Broadway's Tony Award as Best Actor (Play): in 1987 for Les Liaisons Dangereuses, and in 2002 for a revival of Noël Coward's Private Lives. The Guardian named Rickman as an "honourable mention" in a list of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination.[39]
Two researchers, a linguist and a sound engineer, found "the perfect [male] voice" to be a combination of Rickman's and Jeremy Irons's voices based on a sample of 50 voices.[40]
Rickman featured in several musical works, including a song composed by Adam Leonardentitled "Not Alan Rickman".[41] The actor played a "Master of Ceremonies" part, announcing the various instruments in Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells II (1992) on the track "The Bell".[42] Rickman was one of the many artists who recited Shakespearian sonnets on the album When Love Speaks (2002), and is also featured prominently in a music video byTexas entitled "In Demand",[43] which premiered on Europe MTV in August 2000.
Personal life[edit]
In 1965, at the age of 19, Rickman met 18-year-old Rima Horton, who became his first girlfriend and would later be a Labour Party councillor on the Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council (1986–2006) and an economics lecturer at the nearby Kingston University.[44][45] They lived together from 1977 until his death. In 2015, Rickman confirmed that they had married in a private ceremony in New York City in 2012.[46]
He was an active patron of the research foundation Saving Faces;[47] and honorary president of the International Performers' Aid Trust, a charity that works to fight poverty amongst performing artists all over the world.[48] When discussing politics, Rickman said he "was born a card-carrying member of the Labour Party".[13]
Rickman was the godfather of fellow actor Tom Burke.[49]
In August 2015 Rickman suffered a minor stroke, which led to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. He concealed the fact that he was terminally ill from all but his closest confidants.[50] On 14 January 2016, Rickman died in a London hospital, surrounded by friends and relatives.[51] Soon after, his fans created a memorial underneath the "Platform 9¾" sign at London King's Cross railway station.[52]
Tributes from Rickman's co-stars and contemporaries appeared on social media following the announcement; since his cancer was not publicly known, some—like Ralph Fiennes, who "cannot believe he is gone", and Jason Isaacs, who was "sidestepped by the awful news"—expressed their surprise.[44] Harry Potter creator J. K. Rowling called Rickman "a magnificent actor and a wonderful man". Emma Watson wrote, "I feel so lucky to have worked and spent time with such a special man and actor. I'll really miss our conversations". Daniel Radcliffe appreciated his loyalty and support. "I'm pretty sure he came and saw everything I ever did on stage both in London and New York. He didn't have to do that".[53] Evanna Lynch said it was scary to bump into Rickman in character as Snape, but "he was so kind and generous in the moments he wasn't Snaping about".[54]Rupert Grint said, "even though he has gone I will always hear his voice".[44]
Kate Winslet remembered Rickman as warm and generous: "And that voice! Oh, that voice." Dame Helen Mirren said his voice "could suggest honey or a hidden stiletto blade."[44] Emma Thompson remembered "the intransigence which made him the great artist he was—his ineffable and cynical wit, the clarity with which he saw most things, including me ... I learned a lot from him." Sir Ian McKellen wrote, "behind [Rickman's] mournful face, which was just as beautiful when wracked with mirth, there was a super-active spirit, questing and achieving, a super-hero, unassuming but deadly effective."[53]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rickman
哈利波特主要演員艾倫瑞克曼（Alan Rickman）的家人表示，艾倫瑞克曼因癌症辭世。（圖取自Alan Rickman臉書www.facebook.com）
艾倫瑞克曼在哈利波特中飾演陰沉的石內卜教授。（圖取自哈利波特臉書粉絲專頁www.facebook.com）
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